AP-2 (activator protein-2)

• Transcription factor AP-2gamma is a novel marker of gonocytes and seminomatous germ cell tumors. PMID: 15700319
• The investigation of ontogeny of AP-2gamma protein expression in fetal gonads revealed that it was confined to oogonia/gonocytes and was down-regulated with germ cell differentiation. PMID: 15623634

Eps8

• specifically expressed in gonocytes, Leydig and Sertoli cells of the neonatal rats and in Leydig and Sertoli cells of the adult rats and mice, is a possible marker for gonocytes and in Sertoli cells it could be involved in crosstalk with other growth factor pathways. PMID: 15273867

GCNA1

• present in prospermatogonia (gonocytes) in males and in oogonia and oocytes of females within the gonadal ridge from Embryonic Day 11.5 onward, but rarely in primordial germ cells prior to their arrival at the gonadal ridge. PMID: 8200475

OCT-3/4

• Nearly all germ cells with morphological criteria of gonocytes and intermediate cells co-expressed OCT3/4, c-KIT, M2A and AP-2gamma. PMID: 16210381

PLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase)

• a gonocyte marker. PMID: 16400621, PMID: 15221945

VASA

• a protein specific for the germ cell lineage, is a germ cell-specific marker. PMID: 15221945, PMID: 16540528